So the idea of an
unbounded universe, in which an object set in motion might continue to move in a straight line, was not
impossible. Nonetheless, Galileo never abandoned the idea of perpetual circular motion. The idea that an
object would continue to move in a straight line without the need of continuous propulsion was developed
in the 17th century by Borelli, Descartes, and Huygens, and finally codified as Newton’s first law of
motion. Although Newton was not the first to claim that an object will move forever at uniform velocity in
a straight line unless acted on by an outside force, he was the first to integrate this idea into a complete
system of motion in which the same set of rules applied on Earth and in the heavens. Following is an
illustration (Figure 2) and corresponding description for how projectile motion is related to orbital motion,
taken from a popular article that Newton wrote. It was published in 1728, the year after his death.
So the idea of an
unbounded universe, in which an object set in motion might continue to move in a straight line, was not
impossible. Nonetheless, Galileo never abandoned the idea of perpetual circular motion. The idea that an
object would continue to move in a straight line without the need of continuous propulsion was developed
in the 17th century by Borelli, Descartes, and Huygens, and finally codified as Newton’s first law of
motion. Although Newton was not the first to claim that an object will move forever at uniform velocity in
a straight line unless acted on by an outside force, he was the first to integrate this idea into a complete
system of motion in which the same set of rules applied on Earth and in the heavens. Following is an
illustration (Figure 2) and corresponding description for how projectile motion is related to orbital motion,
taken from a popular article that Newton wrote. It was published in 1728, the year after his death.
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