From the simplest organisms like cyanobacteria up to higher plants and animals are producing natural pigments for various purposes.
Some of these natural pigments possess promising therapeutic potentials including, prevention of chronic diseases.
In this context, various plant, animal and microbial species have been explored as sources of natural pigments, particularly with the aimof identifying therapeutic pigments since bioactive natural pigments have received much interest in the production of modern nutraceutical and functional foods.
Owing to the advantages offered by fermentative production and comparative simplicity of extraction, microbial pigments received much interest in natural pigment explorations than plant based pigments; some microbial pigments are already being produced commercially.
Despite some toxicological barriers for microbial pigments in certain countries, red koji from fungus Monascus, β-carotene from fungus Blakeslea (Sun, Li, & Yuan, 2012), β-carotene from microalgae Dunaliella (Z.-W. Ye, Jiang, & Wu, 2008) and astaxanthin from Haematococcus (Choi, Yun, Park, & Yang, 2011) are some of the successful stories of microorganism-derived food-grade pigments.
From the simplest organisms like cyanobacteria up to higher plants and animals are producing natural pigments for various purposes.
Some of these natural pigments possess promising therapeutic potentials including, prevention of chronic diseases.
In this context, various plant, animal and microbial species have been explored as sources of natural pigments, particularly with the aimof identifying therapeutic pigments since bioactive natural pigments have received much interest in the production of modern nutraceutical and functional foods.
Owing to the advantages offered by fermentative production and comparative simplicity of extraction, microbial pigments received much interest in natural pigment explorations than plant based pigments; some microbial pigments are already being produced commercially.
Despite some toxicological barriers for microbial pigments in certain countries, red koji from fungus Monascus, β-carotene from fungus Blakeslea (Sun, Li, & Yuan, 2012), β-carotene from microalgae Dunaliella (Z.-W. Ye, Jiang, & Wu, 2008) and astaxanthin from Haematococcus (Choi, Yun, Park, & Yang, 2011) are some of the successful stories of microorganism-derived food-grade pigments.
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