As in the case of many empirical studies, this study has some
limitations. First, the study’s cross-sectional design limits the
robustness of the results because the study was conducted at
a single point in time, not over time. Second, the data on both
the independent and dependent variables were collected simultaneously
by using the self-report method, and therefore common
method variance (CMV) may be a source of concern. Thus, we
performed the Harman’s single factor analysis to demonstrate
CMV based on the suggestion by Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Lee, and
Podsakoff (2003). The unrotated factor analysis using principal
component analysis yielded ten factors. The first factor explained
about 32% of the variance, which certainly does not constitute a
majority of the total variance. A recent study by Malhotra, Kim,
and Patil (2006) reported 40% as not being a majority of variance.
Thus, the result of Harman’s single-factor test indicates that the
CMV in this study is not likely a source of major concern. However,
other approaches to minimize CMV in research design should be
considered rather than statistically evaluating CMV.
As in the case of many empirical studies, this study has some
limitations. First, the study’s cross-sectional design limits the
robustness of the results because the study was conducted at
a single point in time, not over time. Second, the data on both
the independent and dependent variables were collected simultaneously
by using the self-report method, and therefore common
method variance (CMV) may be a source of concern. Thus, we
performed the Harman’s single factor analysis to demonstrate
CMV based on the suggestion by Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Lee, and
Podsakoff (2003). The unrotated factor analysis using principal
component analysis yielded ten factors. The first factor explained
about 32% of the variance, which certainly does not constitute a
majority of the total variance. A recent study by Malhotra, Kim,
and Patil (2006) reported 40% as not being a majority of variance.
Thus, the result of Harman’s single-factor test indicates that the
CMV in this study is not likely a source of major concern. However,
other approaches to minimize CMV in research design should be
considered rather than statistically evaluating CMV.
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