- Ellis (1987) sees fluency activities as a way of making featuresof learners’ “careful” style of language use become available in other less-monitored styles. Fluency activities depend on several conditions to achieve their goal. Inthe 4/3/2 technique, learners work in pairs with one acting as the speaker and the other as listener. The speaker talks for four minutes on a topic whileher partner listens. Then the pairs change with each speaker giving the same information to a new partner in three minutes, followed by a further change and a two-minute talk.