Risk assessment steps
Risk assessment field has prevalent since 1970 (Paustenbach, 2002) that is
conceptual framework that estimate environment and negative health effect in human
who risk in chemical exposure (USEPA, 2010). The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) guidance 4 basic steps to estimation risk: hazard identification,
dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization as shown in
Figure 2.8 (Cirone and Duncan, 2000). Figure 2.8 shown the four fundamental steps
in the risk assessment process.