Ethical leadership was measured using the ten items on the instrument.
Respondents indicated whether they agreed with the statements on a 5-point scale ranging
from 1 (highly unlikely) to 5 (highly likely). The instrument is currently published in the
public domain and in original publications by the authors and thus did not require special
permission under the guideline as written in Section 1.09 of the Sixth Edition of APA
(2010). No major modifications were made to the instrument