100,000, and studied their distribution in England and Wales and in the westeripart of the United States manufacturing belt (the five states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania). As Table 4.7 shows, both areas had roughly comparable populations, but the American area was only half as densely populated and had only about one third as many medium sized towns as England and Wales. In both cases there is a general increase in the distance separating towns with increase in town size, but these distances are far less than Christaller's values. For south Germany. Chastener suggested that towns of 30,000 population would be spaced at intervals of about 38 miles; in England and Wales the corresponding figure is about seven miles and in the United Stales about 25 miles. Much of the difference in these findings springs from the industrial character of the latter areas. Although exact definitions are made difficult by contrasts in census classifications, House's figures suggest that about half of the British towns are mining and manufacturing towns, many of which arc still clustered in characteristic huddles around their original coalfield locations. In the United States, towns arc both less specialized and, developing at a later phase, are less tied to early coalfield concentrations. Both the degree and the timing of industrialization appear to distort the spacing characteristics in a fundamental way.