To simplify, two republican periods can be distinguished. The
first extended from 1328 to 1434. The Florentine republic had been in existence since the thirteenth century, but certain important
reforms were adopted in 1328, and a relatively stable (though not
untroubled) republican institutional system emerged that lasted
until the Medici first came to power in 1434. From then until 1494,
the Medici kept up an appearance of republican structure but in fact
controlled the government with the aid of their clients and various
subterfuges. Consequently, the regime that functioned during that
sixty-year period is not generally regarded as republican. The
republic was resurrected with the revolution of 1494, in which
Savonarola played a key role, and remained in place until 1512. In
that year the Medici returned to power and again dominated the
city for another fifteen years. The republic was briefly revived one
last time between 1527 and 1530 before finally collapsing and giving
way to an hereditary form of government, the Medici-controlled
duchy of Tuscany. To simplify the analysis, we shall here consider
the institutions that functioned from 1494 to 1512 and then from
1527 to 1530 as forming a single period, which we shall call the
second republican system.
To simplify, two republican periods can be distinguished. The
first extended from 1328 to 1434. The Florentine republic had been in existence since the thirteenth century, but certain important
reforms were adopted in 1328, and a relatively stable (though not
untroubled) republican institutional system emerged that lasted
until the Medici first came to power in 1434. From then until 1494,
the Medici kept up an appearance of republican structure but in fact
controlled the government with the aid of their clients and various
subterfuges. Consequently, the regime that functioned during that
sixty-year period is not generally regarded as republican. The
republic was resurrected with the revolution of 1494, in which
Savonarola played a key role, and remained in place until 1512. In
that year the Medici returned to power and again dominated the
city for another fifteen years. The republic was briefly revived one
last time between 1527 and 1530 before finally collapsing and giving
way to an hereditary form of government, the Medici-controlled
duchy of Tuscany. To simplify the analysis, we shall here consider
the institutions that functioned from 1494 to 1512 and then from
1527 to 1530 as forming a single period, which we shall call the
second republican system.
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