research design and methods a total of 150 infants with a firt-degree family history of thype 1 diabetes and a risk HLA genotype were randomly assigned to a first gluten exposure at age 6 months (control group)or 12 months (last-exposure group)and were followed 3 monthly until the age of 3 years and yearly thereafter for safety (for growth and autoantibodies to transglutaminase C TGCAs ) islet autoantibodies to insulin GAD insulinoma-associated protein 2 and type 1 diabetes.