However, the complexity of the process must be
considered when contemplating prophylactic surgery.
It is crucial to maintain a clear understanding of
the disease and variance of penetrance, that is, the
frequency with which a heritable trait is manifested
by individuals carrying the principal gene, a realistic
appreciation of the potential risks and benefits of a
prophylactic procedure in an otherwise potentially
healthy individual, and an awareness of the
long-term sequelae of such surgical intervention. It is
also prudent to ascertain the patient’s and his or her
family’s perception of surgical risk and anticipated
benefits (Guillem et al 2008). In this setting the nurse
may review family histories to identify individuals
who may have a genetic predisposition to cancer,
explain and co-ordinate genetic testing, interpret the
results of tests and offer psychosocial support.