Although this study included multiple evaluators of outcome variables, the study results are limited by rater bias because
raters were not blinded to participants’ intervention condition and by the use of a single parent/legal guardian report for the ABC-C self-regulation measure. An additional limitation is the lack of a more powerful randomized controlled design and a standardized THR intervention protocol. The preliminary nature of this investigation also leaves a number of questions unanswered that could affect conclusions drawn from these data. Results reported above have not been corrected for multiple comparisons using a Bonferoni or similar correction. Because this was a pilot study, the primary outcome measure was the ABC-C, but there were several exploratory measures included. Due to the preliminary nature of this study, it was not clear at the time of design how many measures one should correct for, and so it was decided to not apply any corrections. The reader, therefore, is advised to interpret the statistical results accordingly. It is conceivable that the documented effects may not only be induced by THR therapy, but also may be the result of regular intensive interactions in a small group activity setting or that merely interacting with animals in a regular controlled environment could result in similar behavioral improvements. It is also conceivable that the modality that truly elicits improvement in behavior is the mechanical movement (i.e., sensory feedback) that occurs during riding. Of further note, this study does not address the long-term therapeutic effects of THR interventions. These questions require further study in order to fully evaluate the specificity and lasting effects of THR interventions. The authors of this paper are currently conducting a
randomized control study to investigate changes in self-regulation behaviors, motor skills, language ability, and social skills that includes a larger sample size, more extensive outcome measures, and raters blinded to intervention condition.
Although this study included multiple evaluators of outcome variables, the study results are limited by rater bias becauseraters were not blinded to participants’ intervention condition and by the use of a single parent/legal guardian report for the ABC-C self-regulation measure. An additional limitation is the lack of a more powerful randomized controlled design and a standardized THR intervention protocol. The preliminary nature of this investigation also leaves a number of questions unanswered that could affect conclusions drawn from these data. Results reported above have not been corrected for multiple comparisons using a Bonferoni or similar correction. Because this was a pilot study, the primary outcome measure was the ABC-C, but there were several exploratory measures included. Due to the preliminary nature of this study, it was not clear at the time of design how many measures one should correct for, and so it was decided to not apply any corrections. The reader, therefore, is advised to interpret the statistical results accordingly. It is conceivable that the documented effects may not only be induced by THR therapy, but also may be the result of regular intensive interactions in a small group activity setting or that merely interacting with animals in a regular controlled environment could result in similar behavioral improvements. It is also conceivable that the modality that truly elicits improvement in behavior is the mechanical movement (i.e., sensory feedback) that occurs during riding. Of further note, this study does not address the long-term therapeutic effects of THR interventions. These questions require further study in order to fully evaluate the specificity and lasting effects of THR interventions. The authors of this paper are currently conducting arandomized control study to investigate changes in self-regulation behaviors, motor skills, language ability, and social skills that includes a larger sample size, more extensive outcome measures, and raters blinded to intervention condition.
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