Specific volume. The specific loaf volume was determined by dividing the loaf volume by its
corresponding loaf weight (cm3/g) as described by Araki et al. (2009).
Colour Measurement. Crust and crumb colour were measured using Konica Minolta
Spectrophotometer CR- 410 (Japan).
Samples were cut into cubes of 2 x 2 x 2 cm and placed in the colorimeter.
The colour attributes Hunter L, a and b values were recorded using the Spectramagic software version 2.11, 1998. L* defines lightness, a* denotes the red/green value and b* the yellow/blue value. The L* axis has the following boundaries: L = 100 (white or total reflection) and L = 0 (black or total absorption).
Along the* axis, a colour measurement movement in the -a direction depicts a shift toward green; +a
movement depicts a shift toward red.
Along the b* axis, -b movement represents a shift towards blue; +b shows a shift towards yellow. Three measurements were taken from each sample.