4. Conclusion
This study has shown that a bio-flocculant can be successfully
extracted from okra using water as a solvent. The bio-flocculant
could be used without pH adjustment or addition of coagulant,
and exhibited high removal of suspended solids and turbidity and
water recovery. The sludge dewatering performancewas verified to
be comparable to commercial flocculants, albeit at 2e3 times the
dosage. A single-parameter experimental approach identified optimum
extraction temperature to be 70 C, extraction time of 2 h,
solvent loading of 2.5 and agitation at 200 rpm. At the optimised
conditions, the extract yield was 2.38%, >98% solids removal and
68% water recoveries were attained. The extraction process was
shown to be mass-transfer limited, specifically by diffusion into the
bulk liquid phase. Further gains in extraction yield may be possible
using apparatus that can achieve high Reynolds numbers, and this
will be the focus of future work.
4. ConclusionThis study has shown that a bio-flocculant can be successfullyextracted from okra using water as a solvent. The bio-flocculantcould be used without pH adjustment or addition of coagulant,and exhibited high removal of suspended solids and turbidity andwater recovery. The sludge dewatering performancewas verified tobe comparable to commercial flocculants, albeit at 2e3 times thedosage. A single-parameter experimental approach identified optimumextraction temperature to be 70 C, extraction time of 2 h,solvent loading of 2.5 and agitation at 200 rpm. At the optimisedconditions, the extract yield was 2.38%, >98% solids removal and68% water recoveries were attained. The extraction process wasshown to be mass-transfer limited, specifically by diffusion into thebulk liquid phase. Further gains in extraction yield may be possibleusing apparatus that can achieve high Reynolds numbers, and thiswill be the focus of future work.
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