Formal communication, as described above, is indeed an attempt to enhance governance standards, however,
adverse perceptions were also identified. A few respondents (1, 7, 8) are not so keen on institutionalized ethics.
They view institutionalized ethics as meaning just ‘bringing out the law and legalising the structure’. They tie
the success of the institutionalization of ethics with people. People as the guidance of the structure need to be
nurtured to act ethically. Respondent no 7, for example, shared his experience of dealing with professionals
breaching the law, although he said the professionals are bound by a code of professional ethics. In addition,
respondent no.1 sees institutionalized ethics as just another creation of a standard. He also stresses human
governance rather than the structure of the governance practices. He pointed out that codes or standards would
not guarantee inclusive behaviour.