example, the place and deletion of one outlying point) that helped them to direct
their attention to the shape of the (remaining) graph as a whole. During the scaling
process, A and D looked at the graph as a whole; but rather than focusing on the
trends, they discussed its relative locations under different scales. Finally, when they
used the scaling and had to relate to the purpose of the question (support of claims in
the journalists’ debate), they seemed to begin to make better sense of trends.