van Strien, Engels, Leuwe, and Snoek (2005) examined and expanded
upon the dual pathway model in clinical and non-clinical
samples of female adolescents (see Fig. 1a). Although they did
not find a relationship between restrained eating and overeating,
they confirmed the impact of negative affect on overeating. Moreover,
van Strien et al. (2005) found that the relationship between
negative affect and overeating was not direct, but mediated by
poor interoceptive awareness. This latter term is defined as a difficulty
in recognizing and accurately identifying emotion and the
visceral sensations related to hunger and satiety (Bruch, 1973).