Effects of various physicochemical characteristics on the toxicities of ZnO and TiO2
nanoparticles toward human lung epithelial cells
The development of nanotechnology has led to many nanomaterialcontaining consumer products appearing in our daily lives. Current
statistics suggest that there are more than 1000 products or product
lines available worldwide that take advantage of nanotechnology
(Rejeski, 2009). Moreover, the presence of nanoparticles (NPs) in
these products has also become more widespread. Therefore, it has
become necessary to evaluate the safety of NPs in terms of their
exposure to occupational workers and consumers.
Because of their small size, NPs have many physicochemical
properties that differ from those of their bulk forms (e.g., quantum