D. NOTIONS OF EMPOWERMENT
As mentioned earlier in the definitions, empowerment has been viewed
from two prospectives: the psychological prospective and the relational
prospective.
1. The Psychological Notion
Psychological empowerment, also known as organic (Quinn and Spreitzer,
1997) or bottom-up processing (Conger and Kanungo, 1988), focuses on
employees’ perception of empowerment and employees’ inner natures. For
example, if an employee has the authority to make a decision but does not
believe that he has the capability to make the right decision, then having the
authority to make the decision will not result in improved outcomes for either the
organization or the employee.