In matters of judicial communications, there is a great variety of approaches in Europe, each raising its own problems and ethical questions. Consequently, the diversity of answers from the judicial systems on the old continent presents a complex, but enlightening picture of what can, cannot, should, and should not be done. However, there is a striking common thread in the way most of these countries approach the problems posed by the modern imperative of transparency. Indeed, two kinds of overarching conflicts seem to be identified by most countries, and treated accordingly. On the one hand, there is the question of who is put in charge of communicating, and with what degree of independence (A). And, on the other hand, the question of how the mere act of communicating outside the courts requires a strong set of ethical rules to protect the fundamental principles of a fair trial (B).