The 'conforming to society' position on curriculum has its roots in cultural transmission theories of education's role in society, which are linked strongly with the rise of the modern industrial state. Kemmis explained: in the late nineteenth century educational theorising became more specific and more detailed in its prescriptions for teachers and schools as it was harnessed to the needs of the modern industrial state one group of emerging curriculum theories began to take for granted that the role of schooling was to produce a qualified labor force and to achieve the reproduction of society