1. Introduction
In addition to traditional anthropogenic pressures such as fishing and shipping, marine ecosystems are increasingly subjected to technical installations including oil and gas terminals, wind power plants, pipelines, and submarine telecommunication and power transmission cables. Submarine, or underwater, power transmission cables are used to supply islands and offshore installations with electrical power or connect terrestrial grids of different countries (Skog et al., 2006). The number of these cables worldwide may increase rapidly in the coming years due to the need to transmit electric power from offshore renewable energy sources and offshore oil and gas exploration and production facilities into terrestrial grids (Gill, 2005 and Carter et al., 2009).
1. IntroductionIn addition to traditional anthropogenic pressures such as fishing and shipping, marine ecosystems are increasingly subjected to technical installations including oil and gas terminals, wind power plants, pipelines, and submarine telecommunication and power transmission cables. Submarine, or underwater, power transmission cables are used to supply islands and offshore installations with electrical power or connect terrestrial grids of different countries (Skog et al., 2006). The number of these cables worldwide may increase rapidly in the coming years due to the need to transmit electric power from offshore renewable energy sources and offshore oil and gas exploration and production facilities into terrestrial grids (Gill, 2005 and Carter et al., 2009).
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