The kinetics of sugar degradation were measured by Brix
changes of must during fermentation (Fig. 2A). In grams of solute/
100 g of solution (g/g), Brix is the % of total soluble solids in solution
(Son, Hong, Park, Yu, & Lee, 2009). It is the most common
unit for sugar content in the wine industry because sugars are the
predominant soluble solids in fruits. The wine without nutrients
was considered sluggish fermentation as sugar consumption was
still present at the end of fermentation (38 days). All nutrients
showed positive effects on sluggish fermentation, but to varying
degrees. 6% banana and DAP additions had strong effects on
improving the sluggish fermentation, followed by 4% banana, 2%
banana, and yeast extract addition, respectively. As the fermentation
progressed, the differences in Brix between the tested samples
and the control increased and peaked at 18e22 days of
fermentation (Fig. 2B). The gap in sugar contents between the
musts with and without nutrients decreased to 1 Brix at the end of
fermentation (38 days), as the remaining sugars were consumed by
yeast. Blateyron and Sablayrolles (2001) determined that ‘stuck’
and ‘sluggish’ fermentations occur when the fermentation rate
dramatically decreases at the end of fermentation while ‘slow’
fermentations are characterized by a low fermentation rate
throughout the process. According to this standard, blueberry wine
fermentation could be defined as ‘slow’ fermentation because most
of the sugar was consumed at the end of fermentation.
The kinetics of sugar degradation were measured by Brixchanges of must during fermentation (Fig. 2A). In grams of solute/100 g of solution (g/g), Brix is the % of total soluble solids in solution(Son, Hong, Park, Yu, & Lee, 2009). It is the most commonunit for sugar content in the wine industry because sugars are thepredominant soluble solids in fruits. The wine without nutrientswas considered sluggish fermentation as sugar consumption wasstill present at the end of fermentation (38 days). All nutrientsshowed positive effects on sluggish fermentation, but to varyingdegrees. 6% banana and DAP additions had strong effects onimproving the sluggish fermentation, followed by 4% banana, 2%banana, and yeast extract addition, respectively. As the fermentationprogressed, the differences in Brix between the tested samplesand the control increased and peaked at 18e22 days offermentation (Fig. 2B). The gap in sugar contents between themusts with and without nutrients decreased to 1 Brix at the end offermentation (38 days), as the remaining sugars were consumed byyeast. Blateyron and Sablayrolles (2001) determined that ‘stuck’and ‘sluggish’ fermentations occur when the fermentation ratedramatically decreases at the end of fermentation while ‘slow’fermentations are characterized by a low fermentation ratethroughout the process. According to this standard, blueberry winefermentation could be defined as ‘slow’ fermentation because mostof the sugar was consumed at the end of fermentation.
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