where for the case 1–4, the HVAC1system turns on 1 h before work-ing hours and turn off 1 h after working hours, and for the case5–8, the HVAC2system is on only during working hours.
Light-ing, miscellaneous equipment, and service hot water scheduleswere matched to occupancy schedules with limited usage duringunoccupied times.
In addition, various building envelope variablesincluding insulation, flooring, glazing, materials, as well as build-ing orientation were considered as input parameters.
In total, 17building design variables were considered in this study.