3.1.3. Extraction time
The range of extraction time was designed based on the practical and economical aspects. The effect of time on the release of oligosaccharides extracted by ultrasound assisted technique is shown in Fig. 1C. The concentration of oligosaccharides increased with the time and reached 7.33 ± 0.22 g/100 g FW at the 10th minute.After that, the concentration of extracted oligosaccharides was almost constant and further increase in process duration did not significantly (p > 0.05) improve the recovery of oligosaccharides.This observation can be well explained by Fick’s second law of diffusion,which stated that the final equilibrium between the solute concentrations in the solid matrix (plant matrix) and in the bulk solution (solvent) will be achieved after certain time. Hence, an excessive extraction time did not lead to enhanced extraction of oligosaccharides. In contrast, Han and Bail [30] reduced the content of raffinose family oligosaccharides in legumes by applying ultrasound treatment for a pretty long time, 1.5 and 3 h. According to Balachandran et al. [31], sonication leads to an increase in the effective diffusivity of the mass transfer process and this effect is maximal at short sonication times as was verified for oligosaccharides extraction. Taking into account these facts, extraction time of 5, 10 and 15 min was selected for RSM optimization.
3.1.3. Extraction timeThe range of extraction time was designed based on the practical and economical aspects. The effect of time on the release of oligosaccharides extracted by ultrasound assisted technique is shown in Fig. 1C. The concentration of oligosaccharides increased with the time and reached 7.33 ± 0.22 g/100 g FW at the 10th minute.After that, the concentration of extracted oligosaccharides was almost constant and further increase in process duration did not significantly (p > 0.05) improve the recovery of oligosaccharides.This observation can be well explained by Fick’s second law of diffusion,which stated that the final equilibrium between the solute concentrations in the solid matrix (plant matrix) and in the bulk solution (solvent) will be achieved after certain time. Hence, an excessive extraction time did not lead to enhanced extraction of oligosaccharides. In contrast, Han and Bail [30] reduced the content of raffinose family oligosaccharides in legumes by applying ultrasound treatment for a pretty long time, 1.5 and 3 h. According to Balachandran et al. [31], sonication leads to an increase in the effective diffusivity of the mass transfer process and this effect is maximal at short sonication times as was verified for oligosaccharides extraction. Taking into account these facts, extraction time of 5, 10 and 15 min was selected for RSM optimization.
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