We begin to unfold the consequences of dU being an exact differential by exploring a
closed system of constant composition (the only type of system considered in the rest
of this chapter). The internal energy U can be regarded as a function of V, T, and p,
but, because there is an equation of state, stating the values of two of the variables fixes
the value of the third. Therefore, it is possible to write U in terms of just two independent
variables: V and T, p and T, or p and V. Expressing Uas a function of volume and
temperature fits the purpose of our discussion.
We begin to unfold the consequences of dU being an exact differential by exploring aclosed system of constant composition (the only type of system considered in the restof this chapter). The internal energy U can be regarded as a function of V, T, and p,but, because there is an equation of state, stating the values of two of the variables fixesthe value of the third. Therefore, it is possible to write U in terms of just two independentvariables: V and T, p and T, or p and V. Expressing Uas a function of volume andtemperature fits the purpose of our discussion.
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