The first of these advances was the finding that hmC was enriched in the brain compared to
other somatic tissues (47) and the simultaneous discovery that this modification was catalyzed by
a special group of mC hydroxylases from the Tet family of proteins (13). Intriguingly, this modi-
fication is critical for the removal of methylated cytosines from neurons (62, 63), and this has now
been shown to be necessary for neurobiological processes including neurogenesis, activity-related
gene transcription, and memory formation and extinction (40–42). Furthermore, it provides a
mechanism to explain how established methylation marks in neurons can be removed despite the
absence of cell division.
The first of these advances was the finding that hmC was enriched in the brain compared toother somatic tissues (47) and the simultaneous discovery that this modification was catalyzed bya special group of mC hydroxylases from the Tet family of proteins (13). Intriguingly, this modi-fication is critical for the removal of methylated cytosines from neurons (62, 63), and this has nowbeen shown to be necessary for neurobiological processes including neurogenesis, activity-relatedgene transcription, and memory formation and extinction (40–42). Furthermore, it provides amechanism to explain how established methylation marks in neurons can be removed despite theabsence of cell division.
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