As discussed above, the predictions of the effect of exchange rate volatility on FDI differ depending on the hypotheses. The effect would be negative according to Dixit-Pindyck’s option theory and/or Aizenman’s (1992) inflexibility of production structure hypothesis. By contrast, it would be positive according to Devereux and Engel’s (2001) pricing-to-market hypothesis and/or Itagaki’s (1980) hedging hypothesis. The share of productive capacity located abroad would also be positively affected by the increased volatility if Goldberg and Kolstad’s (1995) theory of risk- averse foreign investor behavior is valid.