4.2.2 Market-based Measure of Accounting Conservatism
Results for models using the market-based measure of accounting conservatism are reported in Table 4. Similar to
models using the accrual-based measure of accounting conservatism, we separately report the results for each of the
audit committee and shareholder activism related variables and the corresponding interaction term with audit firm
tenure variable. To be consistent with Beaver and Ryan (2000) and Ahmed and Duellman (2007), we control for the
delay recognition component of the book-to-market ratio by adding the current and past 6 years’ buy and hold market
returns to all models employing market-based measures of conservatism