In the latest tender held by MTA, the prices dramatically
increased. Certain fields with only one exploration well have been
obtained for approximately 110 million USD þ VAT. Therefore, investors
are forced to invest in field capacities for a return of their
investment in a reasonable period of time. Ever-rising drilling costs
for greater depths (up to 4000 m) and subsequently greater drilling
problems as well as costs have inflated the investment costs and,
consequently, risks; more highly sophisticated and expensive
exploration methods applied to deep discoveries have encountered
similar problems. Certain geothermal investors are already feeling
the effects from such risks and have temporarily shut down operations;
some are looking for partners to share the risks, while
others are considering selling their licenses. On the other hand,
certain financial institutions refrain from giving loans for
geothermal operations in times of crisis and/or have considered
calling back loans already given. These risks also disturb the investment
environment
and is returned to the evaporator through feed pumps.
Turkey includes several types of geothermal power plants, namely
single flash, double flash, triple flash and binary Rankine cycles.