The first shows a scene from the Opium War, when the Chinese Governor in what is
- Click Photo to Enlarge -
www.thechinaexplorer.com
now Guangdong Province took action against illegal and unwanted imports of Opium, by confiscating the lot and destroying it by burning. These were the opening scenes of what would become a lengthy, bloody and
The second bas relief on the Monument base relates to the so called village uprising which occurred in 1851 AD as part of the Taiping Rebellion and near Revolution. Th relief celebrates the Christina-thought based Heavenly Kingdom (Tai Ping) movement led by Hong Xiuquan, a former teacher, who's movement swept China and established a first revolutionary Capital in the City of Nanjing in Jiangsu Province. Of course, the movement is noted to have been outright anti-imperialist and proclaimed anti-feudal, while the Christian aspect of its fundamentals is omitted.
The third bas relief commemorates the so called Wuchang Uprising or the 1911 AD Revolution that finally overthrew the ailing Qing Dynasty (1644 AD - 1911 AD), although the child Emperor Pu Yi would linger inside his Palace across from the Monument Pillar awaiting his chance for quite a few more years.
The Wuchang Uprising did not occur in Beijing, but occurred late in the evening of November the 10Th of 1911 AD, when rebellious citizens confronted the Governors Office building of both Hubei and Hunan Provinces in Wuhan. Subsequently the rebels took broke through the perimeter, took down the Imperial Flag of the Qing Dynasty and set about destroying the defenses of the Governors Mansion, taking control of affairs in Wuhan.
In the aftermath of this affair the Qing Dynasty Emperor Hsuen Tung (Pu Yi) was forced to abdicate, confronting a rebellious army General (Yuan Shi Kai) and impossible odds. Later that year the First Republic of China was declared with popular revolutionary scholar Sun Yat-Sen as nominal head. The revolution was short-lived, and after an attempt to reestablish Feudal Rule, by now dubbed Traitor General Yuan Shi-Kai the nation fragmented and descended into a situation of warlordism. Until 1928 the larger part of the Nation would find itself under regional military styled rule.
The Fourth Bas relief on the base of the Martyrs column celebrates and commemorates the May the 4Th Movement, in which Chinese citizens for the first time arose against their Government, outraged by the awarding of the previously German occupied Shandong colonies to Japan by the World League of Nations. This national indignation, which proved the insubordinate nature of China's role in the International World, led to the first student movement which in turn lay the foundations for revolutionary thought at Beijing University and other institutes, among things leading to the later establishment of the Communist Party of China (under full organizational support, finance and leadership of the Soviet Union. It was a blatant violation of the Russian promise not to intervene in Chinese National affairs). The May the 4th Movement started in Beijing and is considered the mother of al Chinese revolutionary parties in the 20Th century.
The Monument to the Heroes of the Revolution and the Great Hall of the Peoples.
The front (North) face of the Monument to the Heroes of the Revolution, carrying a caligraphy inscription by Mao Zedong.
The Fifth Bas Relief is one to display and remember the May the 30Th Movement, which occurred on that day of 1925 AD in the large coastal harbor city of Shanghai. In 1919 AD, this city had seen the founding meeting of the Chinese Communist Party, entirely arranged by secret agents of the Soviet Union and at the time Shanghai was considered the richest and most modern city in the country. It was nothing less than Chinas main economic engine, the home of various important industries and large crowds of impoverished, malnourished, and abused industrial workers. In essence, the bas relief displays the scenes of a first communist uprising and attempt to take control of a major population center. Although the deeds were heroic, what is omitted is that even the Chinese Communists themselves did not think they
South face of the Monument to the Heroes o/t Revolution with inscription by Long March veteran and later Premier of China, Zhou Enlai.
The uninscribed west face of the Monument facing the Great Hall of the Peoples.
Apart from the bas relief there are only a few decorations on the the memorial column. The design is simple, and is completed by two inscriptions. An inscription on the North Face of the monument pillar, opposing the rostrum of the Gate of Heavenly Peace (Tiananmen) reads in golden letters "The Peoples Heroes are Immortal" (it is also translated as "Eternal Glory to the peoples Heroes!"). The inscription is a calligraphy done by none other than Mao Zedong himself, and apart for the presence of his body enshrined in the Mausoleum and his portrait on the Gate of Heavenly Peace, is the main imprint or stamp that Mao Zedong left in this holy sanctuary of Chinese communist propaganda. The
The Martyrs Monument facing in Tiananmen Square seen with against the backdrop of the China National Museum, formerly Museum o/t Revolution and of Chinese History.
second inscription can be found on the opposing side, where an inscription by first hour revolutionary veteran and later internationally famous Prime Minister Zhou Enlai. The eulogy to the fallen heroes goes as follows: "Eternal Glory to the peoples Heroes, who laid down
their lives in the War of Liberation in the past three years, and the Peoples Revolution in the past three decades! Eternal Glory to the peoples heroes who laid down their lives in the struggle against Foreign and domestic enemies, for National independence and for the peoples freedom and happiness from 1840 onward".
traffic in the city. To complicate matters the construction of a metro / subway system, the main lines of which were to run through Tiananmen Square, was also in the planning. It was the largest overhaul of the former Imperial Capital in centuries, which would only be surpassed much later by the city development spawned by the choice of Beijing as the host of the 2008 Olympic Games.
The further construction of the Monument to the Heroes of the Revolution began in 1958, and the Monument was completed after 10 months in 1959 AD, in time for the 10 year anniversary of the Chinese Communist revolution. It was first opened on July the first of 1959 AD.
Since its erection in the 1958/59, the Monument to the Heroes of the Revolution has become a rallying Totem for the public during mass un-organized protest against Government Policies and those in Government at several occasions. The first noteworthy mass protest occurred at some time after the death of Premier Zhou Enlai. Zhou died in January 1976, but neglection of official mourning services for this popular national politician and international public figure led to widespread public resentment. During the onfollowing Qing Ming
first years of the 1950s. At that same time the Ming Dynasty era City Walls were torn down to make way for a convenient (first) ring road for the non-existing
terrible struggle for Chinese national emancipation, and a wholesale modernisation of
the nation, its people and their thinking. If anything, this is the true prize found in the lenghty suffering of that period.
The first shows a scene from the Opium War, when the Chinese Governor in what is
- Click Photo to Enlarge -
www.thechinaexplorer.com
now Guangdong Province took action against illegal and unwanted imports of Opium, by confiscating the lot and destroying it by burning. These were the opening scenes of what would become a lengthy, bloody and
The second bas relief on the Monument base relates to the so called village uprising which occurred in 1851 AD as part of the Taiping Rebellion and near Revolution. Th relief celebrates the Christina-thought based Heavenly Kingdom (Tai Ping) movement led by Hong Xiuquan, a former teacher, who's movement swept China and established a first revolutionary Capital in the City of Nanjing in Jiangsu Province. Of course, the movement is noted to have been outright anti-imperialist and proclaimed anti-feudal, while the Christian aspect of its fundamentals is omitted.
The third bas relief commemorates the so called Wuchang Uprising or the 1911 AD Revolution that finally overthrew the ailing Qing Dynasty (1644 AD - 1911 AD), although the child Emperor Pu Yi would linger inside his Palace across from the Monument Pillar awaiting his chance for quite a few more years.
The Wuchang Uprising did not occur in Beijing, but occurred late in the evening of November the 10Th of 1911 AD, when rebellious citizens confronted the Governors Office building of both Hubei and Hunan Provinces in Wuhan. Subsequently the rebels took broke through the perimeter, took down the Imperial Flag of the Qing Dynasty and set about destroying the defenses of the Governors Mansion, taking control of affairs in Wuhan.
In the aftermath of this affair the Qing Dynasty Emperor Hsuen Tung (Pu Yi) was forced to abdicate, confronting a rebellious army General (Yuan Shi Kai) and impossible odds. Later that year the First Republic of China was declared with popular revolutionary scholar Sun Yat-Sen as nominal head. The revolution was short-lived, and after an attempt to reestablish Feudal Rule, by now dubbed Traitor General Yuan Shi-Kai the nation fragmented and descended into a situation of warlordism. Until 1928 the larger part of the Nation would find itself under regional military styled rule.
The Fourth Bas relief on the base of the Martyrs column celebrates and commemorates the May the 4Th Movement, in which Chinese citizens for the first time arose against their Government, outraged by the awarding of the previously German occupied Shandong colonies to Japan by the World League of Nations. This national indignation, which proved the insubordinate nature of China's role in the International World, led to the first student movement which in turn lay the foundations for revolutionary thought at Beijing University and other institutes, among things leading to the later establishment of the Communist Party of China (under full organizational support, finance and leadership of the Soviet Union. It was a blatant violation of the Russian promise not to intervene in Chinese National affairs). The May the 4th Movement started in Beijing and is considered the mother of al Chinese revolutionary parties in the 20Th century.
The Monument to the Heroes of the Revolution and the Great Hall of the Peoples.
The front (North) face of the Monument to the Heroes of the Revolution, carrying a caligraphy inscription by Mao Zedong.
The Fifth Bas Relief is one to display and remember the May the 30Th Movement, which occurred on that day of 1925 AD in the large coastal harbor city of Shanghai. In 1919 AD, this city had seen the founding meeting of the Chinese Communist Party, entirely arranged by secret agents of the Soviet Union and at the time Shanghai was considered the richest and most modern city in the country. It was nothing less than Chinas main economic engine, the home of various important industries and large crowds of impoverished, malnourished, and abused industrial workers. In essence, the bas relief displays the scenes of a first communist uprising and attempt to take control of a major population center. Although the deeds were heroic, what is omitted is that even the Chinese Communists themselves did not think they
South face of the Monument to the Heroes o/t Revolution with inscription by Long March veteran and later Premier of China, Zhou Enlai.
The uninscribed west face of the Monument facing the Great Hall of the Peoples.
Apart from the bas relief there are only a few decorations on the the memorial column. The design is simple, and is completed by two inscriptions. An inscription on the North Face of the monument pillar, opposing the rostrum of the Gate of Heavenly Peace (Tiananmen) reads in golden letters "The Peoples Heroes are Immortal" (it is also translated as "Eternal Glory to the peoples Heroes!"). The inscription is a calligraphy done by none other than Mao Zedong himself, and apart for the presence of his body enshrined in the Mausoleum and his portrait on the Gate of Heavenly Peace, is the main imprint or stamp that Mao Zedong left in this holy sanctuary of Chinese communist propaganda. The
The Martyrs Monument facing in Tiananmen Square seen with against the backdrop of the China National Museum, formerly Museum o/t Revolution and of Chinese History.
second inscription can be found on the opposing side, where an inscription by first hour revolutionary veteran and later internationally famous Prime Minister Zhou Enlai. The eulogy to the fallen heroes goes as follows: "Eternal Glory to the peoples Heroes, who laid down
their lives in the War of Liberation in the past three years, and the Peoples Revolution in the past three decades! Eternal Glory to the peoples heroes who laid down their lives in the struggle against Foreign and domestic enemies, for National independence and for the peoples freedom and happiness from 1840 onward".
traffic in the city. To complicate matters the construction of a metro / subway system, the main lines of which were to run through Tiananmen Square, was also in the planning. It was the largest overhaul of the former Imperial Capital in centuries, which would only be surpassed much later by the city development spawned by the choice of Beijing as the host of the 2008 Olympic Games.
The further construction of the Monument to the Heroes of the Revolution began in 1958, and the Monument was completed after 10 months in 1959 AD, in time for the 10 year anniversary of the Chinese Communist revolution. It was first opened on July the first of 1959 AD.
Since its erection in the 1958/59, the Monument to the Heroes of the Revolution has become a rallying Totem for the public during mass un-organized protest against Government Policies and those in Government at several occasions. The first noteworthy mass protest occurred at some time after the death of Premier Zhou Enlai. Zhou died in January 1976, but neglection of official mourning services for this popular national politician and international public figure led to widespread public resentment. During the onfollowing Qing Ming
first years of the 1950s. At that same time the Ming Dynasty era City Walls were torn down to make way for a convenient (first) ring road for the non-existing
terrible struggle for Chinese national emancipation, and a wholesale modernisation of
the nation, its people and their thinking. If anything, this is the true prize found in the lenghty suffering of that period.
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