In Year 2, the laptop classes were compared to CE classrooms that had five to six desktop computers available to the students in each classroom, In addition, the teachers in both groups completed training on the NTeQ model and were proficient in using the Internet and Microsoft Office. In contrast to Year l, there were fewer observations of student-centered instruction in the laptop classrooms. While the Year 2 laptop classes were certainly busy and active places compared to typical classrooms that were observed in other studies (Ross, Smith, Alberg, & Lowther, 2000), perhaps the teachers were less influenced by a “Hawthorne-type" effect than in Year l, and thus were less likely to demonstrate “model” lessons. There were two significant differences in Year 2. First, the integration of subject areas was observed less frequently in the laptop classrooms. Second, the use of technology as a learning tool was observed more frequently in the laptop classrooms. Laptop students also demonstrated superior computing skills and more frequent use of word processing and use of CD-ROMs for research.