Nevertheless, interpreting such studies—and, therefore, counselling women—often proves difficult. For example, beta-blockers can cross the placenta and increase insulin and decrease glucagon levels in the infant, which could potentially induce neonatal hypoglycaemia—a condition that is ‘naturally’ relatively common. Most cases of neonatal hypoglycaemia resolve spontaneously without long-term sequelae. The study measured neither long-term risk nor chronic outcomes of neonatal seizures or hypoglycaemia, and could not disentangle the teratogenic effects of the antihypertensives from the risks of anomalies associated with the underlying condition (Davis et al, 2010).