Catalyst : CuO/BiVO4Reaction time : 4 hoursTypes of light : Visible light Catalyst Preparation method : Sol-gel .X % CuO/BiVO4, in which X is the mass fraction of CuO (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, or 2.5 wt %)Main reaction products included phenol, benzal formate,benzoic acidThe CuO/BiVO4 hybrid exhibited higher activity in cleaving lignin C-C bonds compared to photocatalysts with different CuO contents, achieving 88.1% conversion and 86.5% C-C cleavage selectivity