Safety of people in the event of a fire
Detection – is the process of receiving information
from the outside world. The detection process involves
all the sense organs:
➤ Eyes for gathering visual information
➤ Ears for sensing vibrations in the air, including sound
➤ The nose and tongue are sensitive to certain chemical stimuli
➤ Skin responds to pressure, temperature changes and various stimuli related to pain
➤ The skeletal structure receptors in our joints, tendons and muscles are sensitive to body movement and position.
Interpretation – takes place in the brain. The sense organs send messages to the brain by converting stimuli from the outside world into nervous impulses.
The brain organises the nervous impulses and interprets these as recognisable information about our surroundings such as people, places and events. Recognition and subsequent behavioural responses to what has been perceived is affected by internal factors such as the experience and emotional state of the individual. External factors such as time or money constraints will also have a significant impact on how individuals may interpret information received from their senses.
In order to be able to ‘recognise’ a situation or object from data received from the senses, the brain will attempt to match a set of data to a previous pattern. For example, a child will learn the look, behaviour, smell and feel of a dog and subsequently interpret anything that looks, behaves, smells or feels like a dog as a dog.
Perception vs reality
Perception varies with individuals, who can interpret sensory data in a number of ways.
The illusion shown in Figure 10.2 is not an inaccurate perception: it is a demonstration of how one perception can be inconsistent with another perception. Recognition of the saxophone player is just as valid as recognition of the young woman. Both are as real and accurate as one another. This example also demonstrates that perception is an active process; humans constantly interpret sensory data to produce recognisable objects and events.
The problems associated with individual perception of reality can be further understood by considering the following key principles in recognition:
➤ There is a tendency to perceive things as complete,filling in the gaps in order to get an overall
impression
➤ There is a tendency to perceive objects as constantin size, shape, colour, and other qualities
➤ Sometimes an object that is constant is perceived
as variable, for example one moment there appearsto be a single object, the next there appears to be
more than one.
It is quite unusual for a person to have experience of a real fire or emergency that warrants an immediate evacuation of a building. The normal experience is that of a ‘false alarm’ therefore it is perfectly understandable that people, in general, do not perceive a serious personal threat when they hear a fi re alarm in a building. There have been instances in fatal fi res when individuals have failed to perceive the risk of a small fire because the rapid growth and movement of a fire is outside their previous experience and therefore they fail to recognise the magnitude of the risk. If a person underestimates the level of the risk in a fi re emergency, they are likely to delay evacuation and thereby increase the risk.
Safety of people in the event of a fire
Detection – is the process of receiving information
from the outside world. The detection process involves
all the sense organs:
➤ Eyes for gathering visual information
➤ Ears for sensing vibrations in the air, including sound
➤ The nose and tongue are sensitive to certain chemical stimuli
➤ Skin responds to pressure, temperature changes and various stimuli related to pain
➤ The skeletal structure receptors in our joints, tendons and muscles are sensitive to body movement and position.
Interpretation – takes place in the brain. The sense organs send messages to the brain by converting stimuli from the outside world into nervous impulses.
The brain organises the nervous impulses and interprets these as recognisable information about our surroundings such as people, places and events. Recognition and subsequent behavioural responses to what has been perceived is affected by internal factors such as the experience and emotional state of the individual. External factors such as time or money constraints will also have a significant impact on how individuals may interpret information received from their senses.
In order to be able to ‘recognise’ a situation or object from data received from the senses, the brain will attempt to match a set of data to a previous pattern. For example, a child will learn the look, behaviour, smell and feel of a dog and subsequently interpret anything that looks, behaves, smells or feels like a dog as a dog.
Perception vs reality
Perception varies with individuals, who can interpret sensory data in a number of ways.
The illusion shown in Figure 10.2 is not an inaccurate perception: it is a demonstration of how one perception can be inconsistent with another perception. Recognition of the saxophone player is just as valid as recognition of the young woman. Both are as real and accurate as one another. This example also demonstrates that perception is an active process; humans constantly interpret sensory data to produce recognisable objects and events.
The problems associated with individual perception of reality can be further understood by considering the following key principles in recognition:
➤ There is a tendency to perceive things as complete,filling in the gaps in order to get an overall
impression
➤ There is a tendency to perceive objects as constantin size, shape, colour, and other qualities
➤ Sometimes an object that is constant is perceived
as variable, for example one moment there appearsto be a single object, the next there appears to be
more than one.
It is quite unusual for a person to have experience of a real fire or emergency that warrants an immediate evacuation of a building. The normal experience is that of a ‘false alarm’ therefore it is perfectly understandable that people, in general, do not perceive a serious personal threat when they hear a fi re alarm in a building. There have been instances in fatal fi res when individuals have failed to perceive the risk of a small fire because the rapid growth and movement of a fire is outside their previous experience and therefore they fail to recognise the magnitude of the risk. If a person underestimates the level of the risk in a fi re emergency, they are likely to delay evacuation and thereby increase the risk.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..