2. Materials and methods
2.1. Bacterial cultures
L. helveticus MTCC 5463 were obtained from Taylor’s University
(Selangor, Malaysia) and were used for cream fermentation. The
bacterial cultures were propagated in sterile de Mann Rogosa,
and Sharpe (MRS) broth three successive times using a 10% (v/v)
inoculum, and incubated at 37 C for 24 h prior to use. Then, the
activated strains of lactobacilli were washed trice with sterile
0.9% (w/v) sodium chloride solution before cream fermentation.