Included in the logistics supply chain are also port operators and operators of
distriparks, inland container depots, container freight stations, provider of ground
handling services and stevedoring services. These players provide various port-related
services related mainly to cargo handling, consolidation and distribution of cargo and
cargo shipping. There are also other players such as the regulators and industryassociations who influence the logistics supply chain through various regulations and
negotiations for making the logistics service practices safe and efficient. Figure 1 shows
how various players and nodes across the supply chain can introduce inefficiencies due
to infrastructure, trans-border barriers, and country-specific regulations.