The prototype showed improved performance also from a life
cycle perspective, especially for the reduction of non-renewable
energy resources like oil (50%), greenhouse gas and volatile
organic compound (i.e. pentane) emissions compared to the
reference scenario (respectively 60% and 90%). The key causes of
this are attributable to the use of a renewable feedstock (tapioca
starch) and the absence of the expanding agent used for EPS
expansion.