If the claim payments could be affected by inflation, the actuary will need to estimate future
inflation based on past experience and information about the current state of the economy.
In thecase of insurance coverage where today’s premiums are invested to cover claim payments in the years to come, the actuary will also need to estimate expected investment returns.
At this point the actuary has the tools to determine the net premium.
The actuary can use similar techniques to estimate a sufficient margin to build into the gross
premium in order to cover both the insurer’s expenses and a reasonable level of unanticipated
claim payments.