4.2. Expert fishers and local ecological knowledge
When expert fishers from the south, central and north parts of the studied region were asked about the main occurrence spots for the five main target species (king mackerel, blue runner, white- mouth croaker, grouper and weakfish) considering the areas where they had fished when there was no enforcement, 29 spots were cited by at least three fishers from P. Grande and Tarituba (n total fishers ¼ 26) for at least one species. The two areas, P. Grande and Tarituba, were combined due to a great overlap in their fishing areas. Fishers from Trindade cited 10 spots (cited by three or more fishers, total n ¼ 15) for at least one of the five fish species. When all of the spots were totaled for all of the species, five spots received more than 5% of the citations in P. Grande and Tarituba (n of total citations ¼ 281), as did five spots in Trindade (n of total citations ¼ 128) (Fig. 4). These 10 spots together represent the most important patches for fishing the five target species considered here. In general, the expert fishers believed that all species have decreased in abundance in the last 10 years, mostly because of bottom trawling (simple or paired). Broken down by species, 97% of the 32 fishers who answered this question believed that weakfish had decreased, while only one fisher stated that there had been no change in this species. For grouper, 56% (of 41) stated that there had been a decrease, while the remainder believed that there had been no change. Most fishers (87% of 30) also believed that white mouth croaker had decreased, while the remainder believed that it had not changed or had increased. King mackerel was also believed to have decreased by the majority (68% of 39). Blue runner was also said to have decreased by most interviewees (93% of 30 fishers).
4.2. สฟิชผู้เชี่ยวชาญและความรู้ระบบนิเวศในท้องถิ่นWhen expert fishers from the south, central and north parts of the studied region were asked about the main occurrence spots for the five main target species (king mackerel, blue runner, white- mouth croaker, grouper and weakfish) considering the areas where they had fished when there was no enforcement, 29 spots were cited by at least three fishers from P. Grande and Tarituba (n total fishers ¼ 26) for at least one species. The two areas, P. Grande and Tarituba, were combined due to a great overlap in their fishing areas. Fishers from Trindade cited 10 spots (cited by three or more fishers, total n ¼ 15) for at least one of the five fish species. When all of the spots were totaled for all of the species, five spots received more than 5% of the citations in P. Grande and Tarituba (n of total citations ¼ 281), as did five spots in Trindade (n of total citations ¼ 128) (Fig. 4). These 10 spots together represent the most important patches for fishing the five target species considered here. In general, the expert fishers believed that all species have decreased in abundance in the last 10 years, mostly because of bottom trawling (simple or paired). Broken down by species, 97% of the 32 fishers who answered this question believed that weakfish had decreased, while only one fisher stated that there had been no change in this species. For grouper, 56% (of 41) stated that there had been a decrease, while the remainder believed that there had been no change. Most fishers (87% of 30) also believed that white mouth croaker had decreased, while the remainder believed that it had not changed or had increased. King mackerel was also believed to have decreased by the majority (68% of 39). Blue runner was also said to have decreased by most interviewees (93% of 30 fishers).
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