3. Results
A summary of identified studies describing RCTs of SBIRT services
for adolescents is presented in Table 1. The ages of the participants
varied from 12 to 22. Inclusion criteria varied in that some of the
studies included adolescents who were at risk but did not report use
of alcohol or drugs, such as those who reported riding in a car with
an intoxicated driver. Some studies focused exclusively on alcohol,
while others targeted illicit drug use. There was also considerable
variability in the measurement time frame for outcomes. Most
importantly, there are very few randomized clinical trials, and many
of those that have been conducted have small sample sizes and are
likely to be underpowered.