1. Relationship between Nature and Humans
What is "Environment"?
Environment is everything around us. It can be natural-made or man-made. It can be living thing or not. It can be tangible and intangibal. Finally, it can be good or bad to human living.
Characteristics of environment
1. Each environment has unique character and can be categorised easily whether it is created by nature or human.
2. Environment never exits alone. It always exits because of the existence of other environment. (can't be alone)
3. Environment is created under diversity and it is called "Ecosystem" which composes of diverse environment could not survive without the existence of other environment in the ecosystem.
4. The relationship between each environment in the ecosystem is a chain and in dynamic. One environment impact affects another.
5. Each environment has different level of capacity and fragility.
6. Environment changes under time factor and changes can be contemporary or permanent.
Environment is not only nature. However, if we consider environment as nature, we as human has life-long relationship with nature. This is especially seen mostly in rural or pastoral environment.
Ideology of relationship between environment and human
(1.1) Passive Approach (following nature/nature control)
This ideology considers nature as being superior over human. It is nature that creates availability of resources, human physical and mental characteristics, human settlement, transportation, communication, occupation, social ;pattern, values, beliefs, culture and other behaviours. This ideology relates to the idea of "natural landscape".