4 1. Basic Concepts of Fluid Flow
where PICM is the CV volume, Scv is the surface enclosing CV, n is the unit vector orthogonal to Scv and directed outwards, v is the fluid velocity and Vb is the velocity with which the CV surface is moving. For a fixed CV , which we shall be considering most of the time, Vb = 0 and the first derivative on the right hand side becomes a local (partial) derivative. This equation states that the rate of change of the amount of the property in the control mass, O, is the rate of change of the property within the control volume plus the net flux of it through the CV boundary due to fluid motion relative to CV boundary. The last term is usually called the convective (or sometimes, advective) flux of O through the CV boundary. If the CV moves so that its boundary coincides with the boundary of a control mass, then v = vb and this term will be zero as required.
A detailed derivation of this equation is given in in many textbooks on fluid dynamics (e.g. in Bird et al., 1962; Fox and McDonald, 1982) and will not be repeated here. The mass, momentum and scalar conservation equations will be presented in the next three sections. For convenience, a fixed CV will be considered; PI represents the CV volume and S its surface.