2. Background of study
Higher education in the twenty-first century is expected to meet three goals: to develop learners’ mastery of expert knowledge specific for major disciplines; to foster learners’ development of generic competencies essential for twenty-first century; and to stimulate learners’ reflection on day-to-day pursuits, especially the learning pursuits (Njenga & Fourie, 2010; Schneckenberg, Ehlers, & Adelsberger, 2011). With the growing trend of paradigm shift to learner-centered learning, the higher education sector is therefore driven to promote learners’ reflective engagement for their active development of domain knowledge and generic competencies, as well as their deep reflection on their process and outcomes of developing domain knowledge and generic competencies