Karger and Malik (1975), taking a similar approach to that taken by Ansoff, compared the values of a range of
variables of planners to those of the non-planners and based on the results concluded that the planners
outperformed the non-planners. Greenley (1986) examining empirical data from nine surveys (8 in USA and 1
UK within the manufacturing business) on the relationship between strategic planning and company overall
performance noted mixed conclusions with five studies concluding the existence of the relationship while the rest
conclude that higher levels of performance did not necessarily relate to the utilization of strategic planning.