However, it is sometimes difficult to maintain business processes effectively because they are not usually
managed as structured components, and this causes difficulty in standardization of the business process. Some
Japanese companies have used widely spread business flowcharts (not containing hierarchical layers) on sheets
of A0 size, for drawing up their business processes. For some Japanese companies, it is difficult to think about
top-down layered business processes, and this situation sometimes makes it difficult to develop e-business
process modeling schemes. Corresponding to this issue, the authors propose a modeling tool to support interorganizational
the interorganizational process flow adjustment described in the following chapters.