Yet, in doing so, we immediately find at least superficial evidence supporting models (3) and (4). And while clearly signaling the need for further theoretical and empirical work, this also points up the potential value of an innovation-based approach to creative industries and cultural policy. As such, we propose these four models as a starting point for further discussion of the intersection between economic analysis of the arts and culture on the one hand and modern analysis of economic growth (and growth policy) on the other.