Background
Microchemical reactors take advantage of dramatically reduced heat- and mass-transfer limitations, which are
minimized at the micron scale. By physically reducing the characteristic path lengths for these processes, extremely 2 high transport rates are realized. This results in highly efficient, ultra-compact systems that exhibit performances superior to conventional systems, with one to two orders of magnitude reductions in hardware volume and/or weight (Tonkovich 1998, 1999). Thus, microchemical systems (comprising microreactors and microthermal units) find applications in advanced transportation power systems, portable or local power generation, as well as defense and space applications. One such application is the generation of hydrogen gas from hydrocarbon fuels, for use in polymer electrode membrane (PEM) fuel-cell power systems (Tonkovich 1998). This type of power system is currently considered the most promising option for electric-powered vehicles, and nearly every major automobile manufacturer is currently conducting extensive research and testing of these systems. Components of this type of systems have been successfully developed and tested at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, where an integrated automotive fuel vaporizer and hydrogen combustor has been demonstrated (Tonkovich 1999). For a catalytic process to be successfully used in a microchemical reactor, the reaction must exhibit intrinsically rapid kinetics that is detectable at very short residence times. Thus, the first step in evaluating a process for use in a microchemical system is to conduct catalytic experiments using millisecond residence times. The ultimate goal of this initial experimentation is to identify possible novel catalysts that are more active than conventional commercial catalysts. Because of the reduced resistances to heat and mass transfer, microreactors can realize the full activity of such catalysts, where conventional systems cannot.
พื้นหลังเตาปฏิกรณ์ microchemical ประโยชน์ข้อจำกัดอย่างมากลดความร้อน - และมวลโอน ซึ่งเป็นminimized at the micron scale. By physically reducing the characteristic path lengths for these processes, extremely 2 high transport rates are realized. This results in highly efficient, ultra-compact systems that exhibit performances superior to conventional systems, with one to two orders of magnitude reductions in hardware volume and/or weight (Tonkovich 1998, 1999). Thus, microchemical systems (comprising microreactors and microthermal units) find applications in advanced transportation power systems, portable or local power generation, as well as defense and space applications. One such application is the generation of hydrogen gas from hydrocarbon fuels, for use in polymer electrode membrane (PEM) fuel-cell power systems (Tonkovich 1998). This type of power system is currently considered the most promising option for electric-powered vehicles, and nearly every major automobile manufacturer is currently conducting extensive research and testing of these systems. Components of this type of systems have been successfully developed and tested at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, where an integrated automotive fuel vaporizer and hydrogen combustor has been demonstrated (Tonkovich 1999). For a catalytic process to be successfully used in a microchemical reactor, the reaction must exhibit intrinsically rapid kinetics that is detectable at very short residence times. Thus, the first step in evaluating a process for use in a microchemical system is to conduct catalytic experiments using millisecond residence times. The ultimate goal of this initial experimentation is to identify possible novel catalysts that are more active than conventional commercial catalysts. Because of the reduced resistances to heat and mass transfer, microreactors can realize the full activity of such catalysts, where conventional systems cannot.
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Background
Microchemical reactors take advantage of dramatically reduced heat- and mass-transfer limitations, which are
minimized at the micron scale. By physically reducing the characteristic path lengths for these processes, extremely 2 high transport rates are realized. This results in highly efficient, ultra-compact systems that exhibit performances superior to conventional systems, with one to two orders of magnitude reductions in hardware volume and/or weight (Tonkovich 1998, 1999). Thus, microchemical systems (comprising microreactors and microthermal units) find applications in advanced transportation power systems, portable or local power generation, as well as defense and space applications. One such application is the generation of hydrogen gas from hydrocarbon fuels, for use in polymer electrode membrane (PEM) fuel-cell power systems (Tonkovich 1998). This type of power system is currently considered the most promising option for electric-powered vehicles, and nearly every major automobile manufacturer is currently conducting extensive research and testing of these systems. Components of this type of systems have been successfully developed and tested at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, where an integrated automotive fuel vaporizer and hydrogen combustor has been demonstrated (Tonkovich 1999). For a catalytic process to be successfully used in a microchemical reactor, the reaction must exhibit intrinsically rapid kinetics that is detectable at very short residence times. Thus, the first step in evaluating a process for use in a microchemical system is to conduct catalytic experiments using millisecond residence times. The ultimate goal of this initial experimentation is to identify possible novel catalysts that are more active than conventional commercial catalysts. Because of the reduced resistances to heat and mass transfer, microreactors can realize the full activity of such catalysts, where conventional systems cannot.
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