Adsorption of proteins/polysaccharides on marine structures is virtually the key phenomenon involving formation of a condition- ing layer that participates as the first step in overall biofouling. Examination of protein adsorption was performed using the same protocol reported previously [23]. The coating samples were placed in 6-well plates containing 1 ml 10% bovine calf serum (BCS, Gibco), followed by incubation for 4 h at 37 ◦ C, and subsequent washing with PBS for three times. The samples were then transferred to the clean well plate that contains 0.5 ml 1 wt.% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution in each well. The plate was shaken for 1 h at room temperature to remove the proteins adsorbed on the surfaces of the samples. The protein collected in the SDS solution was quantified by using the MicroBCA protein assay reagent kit.