Prehistory
Further information: Prehistory of the Philippines
The metatarsal of the Callao Man, reliably dated by uranium-series dating to 67,000 years ago[16] replaced the Tabon Man of Palawan, carbon-dated to around 24,000 years ago,[17][18] as the oldest human remains found in the archipelago. Negritos were also among the archipelago's earliest inhabitants, but their appearance in the Philippines has not been reliably dated.[19] There are several opposing theories regarding the origins of ancient Filipinos. The most widely accepted based on linguistic and archeological evidence, is the"Out-of-Taiwan" model, which hypothesizes that Austronesians from Taiwan began migrating to the Philippines around 4000 BCE, displacing earlier arrivals.[20][21] By 1000 BCE the inhabitants of the archipelago had developed into four kinds of social groups: hunter-gatherer tribes, warrior societies, highland plutocracies, and maritime harbor principalities.[22]