It is notable that clinical variables, such as axis I diagnoses, were not associated with offense characteris- tics or case outcomes when demographic and historical characteristics of the cases were included in the models. In particular, while age and race were Significantly related to the use of a firearm, the addition of clinical variables to demographic and historical variables did not improve model fit. Furthermore, a model including demographic/ historical and clinical variables did not significantly pre- dict a guilty verdict, suggesting that case-specific factors were more salient in these determinations. Of interest, though, is that agreeing to a guilty plea was positively associated with a past history of mental illness but inversely related to a past history of violent crime. Sentences for defendants with an axis I diagnosis, particularly of a sub- stance use disorder, tended to be longer. These findings raise questions regarding potential biases toward mentally ill individuals in plea offers and sentencing practices.